Dette emne vil diskutere, hvordan vi kan opdele givne strenge i et enkelt ord i C++ programmeringssprog . Når vi opdeler en gruppe af ord eller strengesamlinger i enkelte ord, kaldes det dele eller opdeling af strengen. Dog er det kun muligt at opdele strenge med nogle afgrænsningstegn som mellemrum ( ), komma (,), en bindestreg (-) osv., hvilket gør ordene til et individ. Desuden er der ingen foruddefineret splitfunktion til at opdele samlingen af strenge i en individuel streng. Så her vil vi lære de forskellige metoder til at opdele strenge i en enkelt i C++.
Forskellig metode til at opnå opdeling af strenge i C++
- Brug strtok()-funktionen til at opdele strenge
- Brug brugerdefineret split() funktion til at opdele strenge
- Brug std::getline() funktion til at opdele streng
- Brug funktionen find() og substr() til at opdele streng
Brug strtok()-funktionen til at opdele strenge
strtok(): En strtok()-funktion bruges til at opdele den originale streng i stykker eller tokens baseret på det beståede skilletegn.
Syntaks
char *ptr = strtok( str, delim)
I ovenstående syntaks har en strtok() to parametre, den str , og Jeg deler .
str : En str er en original streng, hvorfra strtok() funktionen splitte strenge.
Jeg deler : Det er et tegn, der bruges til at opdele en streng. For eksempel komma (,), mellemrum ( ), bindestreg (-) osv.
Vend tilbage : Den returnerer en markør, der refererer til de næste tegn-tokens. I første omgang peger det på strengenes første token.
Bemærk: En strtok()-funktion ændrer den oprindelige streng og sætter et NULL-tegn (' ') på skilletegnspositionen på hvert kald af strtok()-funktionen. På denne måde kan den nemt spore tokens status.
Program til at opdele strenge ved hjælp af strtok() funktion
Lad os overveje et eksempel på opdeling af streng i C++ ved hjælp af strtok()-funktionen.
Program.cpp
#include #include using namespace std; int main() { char str[100]; // declare the size of string cout << ' Enter a string: ' <<endl; cin.getline(str, 100); use getline() function to read a string from input stream char *ptr; declare ptr pointer ' , '); strtok() separate using comma (,) delimiter. cout <<
split function: endl; while loop check is not null (ptr !="NULL)" { print the token (null, } return 0; < pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Enter a string: Learn how to split a string in C++ using the strtok() function. Split string using strtok() function: Learn how to split a string in C++ Using the strtok() function. </pre> <h3>Program to use custom split() function to split strings</h3> <p>Let's write a program to split sequences of strings in C++ using a custom split() function.</p> <p> <strong>Program2.cpp</strong> </p> <pre> #include #include #define max 8 // define the max string using namespace std; string strings[max]; // define max string // length of the string int len(string str) { int length = 0; for (int i = 0; str[i] != ' '; i++) { length++; } return length; } // create custom split() function void split (string str, char seperator) { int currIndex = 0, i = 0; int startIndex = 0, endIndex = 0; while (i <= len(str)) { if (str[i]="=" seperator || i="=" endindex="i;" string substr ; substr.append(str, startindex, - startindex); strings[currindex]="subStr;" currindex +="1;" startindex="endIndex" 1; } i++; int main() str="Program to split strings using custom split function." char space split(str, seperator); cout <<' the split is: '; for (int < max; i++) << '
: ' strings[i]; return 0; pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> The split string is: i : 0 Program i : 1 to i : 2 split i : 3 strings i : 4 using i : 5 custom i : 6 split i : 7 function. </pre> <h3>Use std::getline() function to split string</h3> <p>A getline() function is a standard library function of C++ used to read the string from an input stream and put them into the vector string until delimiter characters are found. We can use <strong>std::getline()</strong> function by importing the header file.</p> <p> <strong>Syntax</strong> </p> <pre> getline(str, token, delim); </pre> <p>It has three parameters:</p> <p> <strong>str:</strong> A str is a variable that stores original string.</p> <p> <strong>token:</strong> It stores the string tokens extracted from original string.</p> <p> <strong>delim:</strong> It is a character that are used to split the string. For example, comma (,), space ( ), hyphen (-), etc.</p> <h3>Program to use getline() function to split strings</h3> <p>Let's consider an example to split strings using the getline() function in C++.</p> <p> <strong>Program3.cpp</strong> </p> <pre> #include #include #include #include using namespace std; int main() { string S, T; // declare string variables getline(cin, S); // use getline() function to read a line of string and store into S variable. stringstream X(S); // X is an object of stringstream that references the S string // use while loop to check the getline() function condition while (getline(X, T, ' ')) { /* X represents to read the string from stringstream, T use for store the token string and, ' ' whitespace represents to split the string where whitespace is found. */ cout << T << endl; // print split string } return 0; } </pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Welcome to the JavaTpoint and Learn C++ Programming Language. Welcome to the JavaTpoint and Learn C++ Programming Language. </pre> <h3>Program to split the given string using the getline() function</h3> <p>Let's consider an example to split a given string in C++ using the getline() function.</p> <p> <strong>Program4.cpp</strong> </p> <pre> #include #include #include #include void split_str( std::string const &str, const char delim, std::vector &out ) { // create a stream from the string std::stringstream s(str); std::string s2; while (std:: getline (s, s2, delim) ) { out.push_back(s2); // store the string in s2 } } int main() { std:: string s2 = 'Learn How to split a string in C++'; const char delim = ' '; /* define the delimiter like space (' '), comma (,), hyphen (-), etc. */ std::cout << 'Your given string is: ' << s2; std::vector out; // store the string in vector split_str (s2, delim, out); // call function to split the string // use range based for loop for (const auto &s2: out) { std::cout << '
' << s2; } return 0; } </pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Your given string is: Learn How to split a string in C++ Learn How to split a string in C++ </pre> <h3>Use find() and substr() function to split strings</h3> <p>Let's write a program to use find() function and substr() function to split given strings in C++.</p> <p> <strong>Program4.cpp</strong> </p> <pre> #include #include using namespace std; int main() { // given string with delimiter string given_str = 'How_to_split_a_string_using_find()_and_substr()_function_in_C++'; string delim = '_'; // delimiter cout << ' Your string with delimiter is: ' << given_str << endl; size_t pos = 0; string token1; // define a string variable // use find() function to get the position of the delimiters while (( pos = given_str.find (delim)) != std::string::npos) { token1 = given_str.substr(0, pos); // store the substring cout << token1 << endl; given_str.erase(0, pos + delim.length()); /* erase() function store the current positon and move to next token. */ } cout << given_str << endl; // it print last token of the string. } </pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Your string with delimiter is: How_to_split_a_string_using_find()_and_substr()_function_in_C++ How to split a string using find() and substr() function in C++ </pre> <p>In the above program, we use a <strong>find()</strong> function inside the loop to repeatedly find the occurrence of the delimiter in the given string and then split it into tokens when the delimiter occurs. And the <strong>substr()</strong> function stores the sub-string to be printed. On the other hand, an erase() function stores the current position of the string and moves to the next token, and this process continues until we have got all the split strings.</p> <hr></=></pre></endl;> Program til at bruge brugerdefineret split() funktion til at opdele strenge
Lad os skrive et program til at opdele sekvenser af strenge i C++ ved hjælp af en brugerdefineret split() funktion.
Program2.cpp
array vs arraylist
#include #include #define max 8 // define the max string using namespace std; string strings[max]; // define max string // length of the string int len(string str) { int length = 0; for (int i = 0; str[i] != ' '; i++) { length++; } return length; } // create custom split() function void split (string str, char seperator) { int currIndex = 0, i = 0; int startIndex = 0, endIndex = 0; while (i <= len(str)) { if (str[i]="=" seperator || i="=" endindex="i;" string substr ; substr.append(str, startindex, - startindex); strings[currindex]="subStr;" currindex +="1;" startindex="endIndex" 1; } i++; int main() str="Program to split strings using custom split function." char space split(str, seperator); cout <<\' the split is: \'; for (int < max; i++) << \'
: \' strings[i]; return 0; pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> The split string is: i : 0 Program i : 1 to i : 2 split i : 3 strings i : 4 using i : 5 custom i : 6 split i : 7 function. </pre> <h3>Use std::getline() function to split string</h3> <p>A getline() function is a standard library function of C++ used to read the string from an input stream and put them into the vector string until delimiter characters are found. We can use <strong>std::getline()</strong> function by importing the header file.</p> <p> <strong>Syntax</strong> </p> <pre> getline(str, token, delim); </pre> <p>It has three parameters:</p> <p> <strong>str:</strong> A str is a variable that stores original string.</p> <p> <strong>token:</strong> It stores the string tokens extracted from original string.</p> <p> <strong>delim:</strong> It is a character that are used to split the string. For example, comma (,), space ( ), hyphen (-), etc.</p> <h3>Program to use getline() function to split strings</h3> <p>Let's consider an example to split strings using the getline() function in C++.</p> <p> <strong>Program3.cpp</strong> </p> <pre> #include #include #include #include using namespace std; int main() { string S, T; // declare string variables getline(cin, S); // use getline() function to read a line of string and store into S variable. stringstream X(S); // X is an object of stringstream that references the S string // use while loop to check the getline() function condition while (getline(X, T, ' ')) { /* X represents to read the string from stringstream, T use for store the token string and, ' ' whitespace represents to split the string where whitespace is found. */ cout << T << endl; // print split string } return 0; } </pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Welcome to the JavaTpoint and Learn C++ Programming Language. Welcome to the JavaTpoint and Learn C++ Programming Language. </pre> <h3>Program to split the given string using the getline() function</h3> <p>Let's consider an example to split a given string in C++ using the getline() function.</p> <p> <strong>Program4.cpp</strong> </p> <pre> #include #include #include #include void split_str( std::string const &str, const char delim, std::vector &out ) { // create a stream from the string std::stringstream s(str); std::string s2; while (std:: getline (s, s2, delim) ) { out.push_back(s2); // store the string in s2 } } int main() { std:: string s2 = 'Learn How to split a string in C++'; const char delim = ' '; /* define the delimiter like space (' '), comma (,), hyphen (-), etc. */ std::cout << 'Your given string is: ' << s2; std::vector out; // store the string in vector split_str (s2, delim, out); // call function to split the string // use range based for loop for (const auto &s2: out) { std::cout << '
' << s2; } return 0; } </pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Your given string is: Learn How to split a string in C++ Learn How to split a string in C++ </pre> <h3>Use find() and substr() function to split strings</h3> <p>Let's write a program to use find() function and substr() function to split given strings in C++.</p> <p> <strong>Program4.cpp</strong> </p> <pre> #include #include using namespace std; int main() { // given string with delimiter string given_str = 'How_to_split_a_string_using_find()_and_substr()_function_in_C++'; string delim = '_'; // delimiter cout << ' Your string with delimiter is: ' << given_str << endl; size_t pos = 0; string token1; // define a string variable // use find() function to get the position of the delimiters while (( pos = given_str.find (delim)) != std::string::npos) { token1 = given_str.substr(0, pos); // store the substring cout << token1 << endl; given_str.erase(0, pos + delim.length()); /* erase() function store the current positon and move to next token. */ } cout << given_str << endl; // it print last token of the string. } </pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Your string with delimiter is: How_to_split_a_string_using_find()_and_substr()_function_in_C++ How to split a string using find() and substr() function in C++ </pre> <p>In the above program, we use a <strong>find()</strong> function inside the loop to repeatedly find the occurrence of the delimiter in the given string and then split it into tokens when the delimiter occurs. And the <strong>substr()</strong> function stores the sub-string to be printed. On the other hand, an erase() function stores the current position of the string and moves to the next token, and this process continues until we have got all the split strings.</p> <hr></=> Brug std::getline() funktion til at opdele streng
En getline()-funktion er en standardbiblioteksfunktion i C++, der bruges til at læse strengen fra en inputstrøm og sætte dem ind i vektorstrengen, indtil afgrænsningstegn er fundet. Vi kan bruge std::getline() funktion ved at importere header-filen.
Syntaks
getline(str, token, delim);
Den har tre parametre:
str: En str er en variabel, der gemmer den oprindelige streng.
polet: Den gemmer streng-tokens, der er udtrukket fra den originale streng.
del: Det er et tegn, der bruges til at opdele strengen. For eksempel komma (,), mellemrum ( ), bindestreg (-) osv.
Program til at bruge getline()-funktionen til at opdele strenge
Lad os overveje et eksempel på opdeling af strenge ved hjælp af funktionen getline() i C++.
Program3.cpp
#include #include #include #include using namespace std; int main() { string S, T; // declare string variables getline(cin, S); // use getline() function to read a line of string and store into S variable. stringstream X(S); // X is an object of stringstream that references the S string // use while loop to check the getline() function condition while (getline(X, T, ' ')) { /* X represents to read the string from stringstream, T use for store the token string and, ' ' whitespace represents to split the string where whitespace is found. */ cout << T << endl; // print split string } return 0; } Produktion
Welcome to the JavaTpoint and Learn C++ Programming Language. Welcome to the JavaTpoint and Learn C++ Programming Language.
Program til at opdele den givne streng ved hjælp af getline()-funktionen
Lad os overveje et eksempel på at opdele en given streng i C++ ved hjælp af getline()-funktionen.
Program4.cpp
#include #include #include #include void split_str( std::string const &str, const char delim, std::vector &out ) { // create a stream from the string std::stringstream s(str); std::string s2; while (std:: getline (s, s2, delim) ) { out.push_back(s2); // store the string in s2 } } int main() { std:: string s2 = 'Learn How to split a string in C++'; const char delim = ' '; /* define the delimiter like space (' '), comma (,), hyphen (-), etc. */ std::cout << 'Your given string is: ' << s2; std::vector out; // store the string in vector split_str (s2, delim, out); // call function to split the string // use range based for loop for (const auto &s2: out) { std::cout << '
' << s2; } return 0; } Produktion
Your given string is: Learn How to split a string in C++ Learn How to split a string in C++
Brug funktionen find() og substr() til at opdele strenge
Lad os skrive et program til at bruge find()-funktionen og substr()-funktionen til at opdele givne strenge i C++.
Program4.cpp
#include #include using namespace std; int main() { // given string with delimiter string given_str = 'How_to_split_a_string_using_find()_and_substr()_function_in_C++'; string delim = '_'; // delimiter cout << ' Your string with delimiter is: ' << given_str << endl; size_t pos = 0; string token1; // define a string variable // use find() function to get the position of the delimiters while (( pos = given_str.find (delim)) != std::string::npos) { token1 = given_str.substr(0, pos); // store the substring cout << token1 << endl; given_str.erase(0, pos + delim.length()); /* erase() function store the current positon and move to next token. */ } cout << given_str << endl; // it print last token of the string. } Produktion
homogen blanding
Your string with delimiter is: How_to_split_a_string_using_find()_and_substr()_function_in_C++ How to split a string using find() and substr() function in C++
I ovenstående program bruger vi en Find() funktion inde i løkken for gentagne gange at finde forekomsten af afgrænsningstegnet i den givne streng og derefter opdele det i tokens, når afgrænsningstegnet forekommer. Og substr() funktion gemmer den understreng, der skal udskrives. På den anden side gemmer en erase() funktion strengens aktuelle position og flytter til næste token, og denne proces fortsætter, indtil vi har fået alle de opdelte strenge.