Læsning af XML-fil i Java er meget anderledes end at læse andre filer som .docx og .txt, fordi XML-filen indeholder data mellem tags. Java giver mange måder at parse en XML-fil på. Der er to parsere i Java, som analyserer en XML-fil:

• Java DOM Parser
• Java KORREKT Parser

Java DOM Parser

Det DOM API giver klasserne mulighed for at læse og skrive en XML-fil. Vi kan oprette, slette, ændre og omarrangere noden ved hjælp af DOM API. DOM-parser analyserer hele XML-filen og opretter en DOM objekt i hukommelsen. Den modellerer en XML-fil i en træstruktur for nem gennemkørsel og manipulation. I DOM er alt i en XML-fil en node . Noden repræsenterer en komponent af en XML-fil. DOM-parser er langsom i gang og optager masser af hukommelse når den indlæser en XML-fil i hukommelsen.

Vi skal have fulgt processen for at læse en XML-fil i Java:

Instantiér XML-fil:DOM-parser indlæser XML-filen i hukommelsen og betragter hvert tag som et element.Hent root node:Dokumentklassen giver getDocumentElement() metode til at hente rodnoden og elementet i XML-filen.Hent alle noder:Det getElementByTagName() metoden henter alt det specifikke tagnavn fra XML-filen. Hvor ELEMENT_NODE type refererer til en ikke-tekstnode, som har underelementer. Hvis vi skal have adgang til alle noder fra starten, inklusive rodknuden, kan vi rekursivt kalde getChildElement() metoden.Hent node efter tekstværdi:Vi kan bruge getElementByTextValue() metode for at søge efter en node efter dens værdi.Hent node efter attributværdi:Hvis vi ønsker at søge i en node efter værdien af ​​en specifik attribut, kan vi bruge metoden getElementByTagName() sammen med metoden getAttribute().

Trin til at læse XML-fil i Java ved hjælp af eclipse

Trin 1: Opret en simpel Java projekt.

Trin 2: Opret en klassefil og angiv et klassefilnavn. Vi har lavet klassefilen med navnet LæsXMLFileExample1 .

Trin 3: Skriv følgende kode.

udvælgelsessortering i java

Trin 4: Hent dom-2.3.0-jaxb-1.0.6.jar fil: Klik her...

Trin 5: Lave en lib mappe i projektet.

Trin 6: Kopi dom-2.3.0-jaxb-1.0.6.jar fil og indsæt i mappen lib.

Trin 7: Indstil klassesti :

Højreklik på projektet->Byg sti->Konfigurer byggesti->Tilføj eksterne JARs->Vælg JAR-filen->klik på knappen Åbn->Anvend og luk.

Trin 8: Opret en XML fil. Vi har lavet en XML-fil med navn XMLFile.xml og skriv følgende data ind i den.

java streng sammenkædning

Trin 9: Kør projektet.

Oprettelse af XML-fil: XMLFile.xml

 101 Naman Kumar Math 83 102 Kapil Kumar Chemistry 60 103 Harsh Singh English 70 104 Jitesh Singh Physics 76 

Eksempel på læsning af XML-fil ved hjælp af DOM Parser

 import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory; import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder; import org.w3c.dom.Document; import org.w3c.dom.NodeList; import org.w3c.dom.Node; import org.w3c.dom.Element; import java.io.File; public class ReadXMLFileExample1 { public static void main(String argv[]) { try { //creating a constructor of file class and parsing an XML file File file = new File(&apos;F:\XMLFile.xml&apos;); //an instance of factory that gives a document builder DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance(); //an instance of builder to parse the specified xml file DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder(); Document doc = db.parse(file); doc.getDocumentElement().normalize(); System.out.println(&apos;Root element: &apos; + doc.getDocumentElement().getNodeName()); NodeList nodeList = doc.getElementsByTagName(&apos;student&apos;); // nodeList is not iterable, so we are using for loop for (int itr = 0; itr <nodelist.getlength(); itr++) { node system.out.println('
node name :' + node.getnodename()); if (node.getnodetype()="=" node.element_node) element eelement="(Element)" node; system.out.println('student id: '+ eelement.getelementsbytagname('id').item(0).gettextcontent()); system.out.println('first name: eelement.getelementsbytagname('firstname').item(0).gettextcontent()); system.out.println('last eelement.getelementsbytagname('lastname').item(0).gettextcontent()); system.out.println('subject: eelement.getelementsbytagname('subject').item(0).gettextcontent()); system.out.println('marks: eelement.getelementsbytagname('marks').item(0).gettextcontent()); } catch (exception e) e.printstacktrace(); < pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> Root element: class Node Name: student Student id: 101 First Name: Naman Last Name: Kumar Subject: Math Marks: 83 Node Name: student Student id: 102 First Name: Kapil Last Name: Kumar Subject: Chemistry Marks: 60 Node Name: student Student id: 103 First Name: Harsh Last Name: Singh Subject: English Marks: 70 Node Name: student Student id: 104 First Name: Jitesh Last Name: Singh Subject: Physics Marks: 76 </pre> <p>Let&apos;s see another example of reading xml file.</p> <p> <strong>Example of reading XML file using DOM Parser</strong> </p> <p>The following example reads the same XML file <strong>XMLFile.xml</strong> , and showing that how to loop the node one by one. It prints the node value, name and attribute if any.</p> <p> <strong>Example</strong> </p> <pre> import java.io.File; import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder; import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory; import org.w3c.dom.Document; import org.w3c.dom.NamedNodeMap; import org.w3c.dom.Node; import org.w3c.dom.NodeList; public class ReadXMLFileExample2 { public static void main(String[] args) { try { File file = new File(&apos;F:\XMLFile.xml&apos;); DocumentBuilder documentBuilder = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance().newDocumentBuilder(); Document document = documentBuilder.parse(file); System.out.println(&apos;Root element: &apos;+ document.getDocumentElement().getNodeName()); if (document.hasChildNodes()) { printNodeList(document.getChildNodes()); } } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println(e.getMessage()); } } private static void printNodeList(NodeList nodeList) { for (int count = 0; count <nodelist.getlength(); count++) { node elemnode="nodeList.item(count);" if (elemnode.getnodetype()="=" node.element_node) get name and value system.out.println('
node [open]'); system.out.println('node content=" + elemNode.getTextContent()); if (elemNode.hasAttributes()) { NamedNodeMap nodeMap = elemNode.getAttributes(); for (int i = 0; i &lt; nodeMap.getLength(); i++) { Node node = nodeMap.item(i); System.out.println(" attr : ' + node.getnodename()); system.out.println('attr node.getnodevalue()); } (elemnode.haschildnodes()) recursive call the has child nodes printnodelist(elemnode.getchildnodes()); [close]'); < pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> Root element: class Node Name =class [OPEN] Node Content = 101 Naman Kumar Maths 83 102 Kapil Kumar Chemistry 60 103 Harsh Singh English 70 104 Jitesh Singh Physics 76 Node Name =student [OPEN] Node Content = 101 Naman Kumar Maths 83 Node Name =id [OPEN] Node Content =101 Node Name =id [CLOSE] Node Name =firstname [OPEN] Node Content =Naman Node Name =firstname [CLOSE] Node Name =lastname [OPEN] Node Content =Kumar Node Name =lastname [CLOSE] Node Name =subject [OPEN] Node Content =Math Node Name =subject [CLOSE] Node Name =marks [OPEN] Node Content =83 Node Name =marks [CLOSE] Node Name =student [CLOSE] Node Name =student [OPEN] Node Content = 102 Kapil Kumar Chemistry 60 Node Name =id [OPEN] Node Content =102 Node Name =id [CLOSE] Node Name =firstname [OPEN] Node Content =Kapil Node Name =firstname [CLOSE] Node Name =lastname [OPEN] Node Content =Kumar Node Name =lastname [CLOSE] Node Name =subject [OPEN] Node Content =Chemistry Node Name =subject [CLOSE] Node Name =marks [OPEN] Node Content =60 Node Name =marks [CLOSE] Node Name =student [CLOSE] Node Name =student [OPEN] Node Content = 103 Harsh Singh English 70 Node Name =id [OPEN] Node Content =103 Node Name =id [CLOSE] Node Name =firstname [OPEN] Node Content =Harsh Node Name =firstname [CLOSE] Node Name =lastname [OPEN] Node Content =Singh Node Name =lastname [CLOSE] Node Name =subject [OPEN] Node Content =English Node Name =subject [CLOSE] Node Name =marks [OPEN] Node Content =70 Node Name =marks [CLOSE] Node Name =student [CLOSE] Node Name =student [OPEN] Node Content = 104 Jitesh Singh Physics 76 Node Name =id [OPEN] Node Content =104 Node Name =id [CLOSE] Node Name =firstname [OPEN] Node Content =Jitesh Node Name =firstname [CLOSE] Node Name =lastname [OPEN] Node Content =Singh Node Name =lastname [CLOSE] Node Name =subject [OPEN] Node Content =Physics Node Name =subject [CLOSE] Node Name =marks [OPEN] Node Content =76 Node Name =marks [CLOSE] Node Name =student [CLOSE] Node Name =class [CLOSE] </pre> <h2>Java SAX Parser</h2> <p>Java SAX parser stands for <strong>Simple API</strong> for <strong>XML</strong> . SAX parser parses an XML file <strong>line by line</strong> . It triggers events when it encounters the opening tag, closing tag, and character data in an xml file. SAX parser is also called the <strong>event-based parser</strong> .</p> <p>SAX parser does not load any XML file into memory. It does not create any object representation of the XML document. SAX parser uses call back function to inform clients of the XML document structure. It is <strong>faster</strong> and uses <strong>less memory</strong> than DOM parser.</p> <p>SAX is a <strong>streaming interface</strong> for XML, which means that XML file parses in sequential order starting at the top of the document, and ending with the closing of the root element.</p> <p> <strong>Example of reading XML file using SAX parser</strong> </p> <pre> import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser; import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory; import org.xml.sax.Attributes; import org.xml.sax.SAXException; import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler; public class ReadXMLFileExample3 { public static void main(String args[]) { try { SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance(); SAXParser saxParser = factory.newSAXParser(); DefaultHandler handler = new DefaultHandler() { boolean id = false; boolean firstname = false; boolean lastname = false; boolean subject = false; boolean marks = false; //parser starts parsing a specific element inside the document public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName, Attributes attributes) throws SAXException { System.out.println(&apos;Start Element :&apos; + qName); if(qName.equalsIgnoreCase(&apos;Id&apos;)) { id=true; } if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase(&apos;FIRSTNAME&apos;)) { firstname = true; } if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase(&apos;LASTNAME&apos;)) { lastname = true; } if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase(&apos;SUBJECT&apos;)) { subject = true; } if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase(&apos;MARKS&apos;)) { marks = true; } } //parser ends parsing the specific element inside the document public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName) throws SAXException { System.out.println(&apos;End Element:&apos; + qName); } //reads the text value of the currently parsed element public void characters(char ch[], int start, int length) throws SAXException { if (id) { System.out.println(&apos;ID : &apos; + new String(ch, start, length)); id = false; } if (firstname) { System.out.println(&apos;First Name: &apos; + new String(ch, start, length)); firstname = false; } if (lastname) { System.out.println(&apos;Last Name: &apos; + new String(ch, start, length)); lastname = false; } if (subject) { System.out.println(&apos;Subject: &apos; + new String(ch, start, length)); subject = false; } if (marks) { System.out.println(&apos;Marks : &apos; + new String(ch, start, length)); marks = false; } } }; saxParser.parse(&apos;F:\XMLFile.xml&apos;, handler); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } </pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> Start Element: class Start Element: student Start Element: id ID: 101 End Element: id Start Element: firstname First Name: Naman End Element: firstname Start Element: lastname Last Name: Kumar End Element: lastname Start Element: subject Subject: Math End Element: subject Start Element: marks Marks: 83 End Element: marks End Element: student Start Element: student Start Element: id ID: 102 End Element: id Start Element: firstname First Name: Kapil End Element: firstname Start Element: lastname Last Name: Kumar End Element: lastname Start Element: subject Subject: Chemistry End Element: subject Start Element: marks Marks: 60 End Element: marks End Element: student Start Element: student Start Element: id ID: 103 End Element: id Start Element: firstname First Name: Harsh End Element: firstname Start Element: lastname Last Name: Singh End Element: lastname Start Element: subject Subject: English End Element: subject Start Element: marks Marks: 70 End Element: marks End Element: student Start Element: student Start Element: id ID: 104 End Element: id Start Element: firstname First Name: Jitesh End Element: firstname Start Element: lastname Last Name: Singh End Element: lastname Start Element: subject Subject: Physics End Element: subject Start Element: marks Marks: 76 End Element: marks End Element: student End Element: class </pre> <hr></nodelist.getlength();></pre></nodelist.getlength();>

Lad os se et andet eksempel på at læse xml-fil.

grå kode

Eksempel på læsning af XML-fil ved hjælp af DOM Parser

Følgende eksempel læser den samme XML-fil XMLFile.xml , og viser, hvordan man sløjfer noden én efter én. Den udskriver nodeværdien, navn og attribut, hvis nogen.

Eksempel

 import java.io.File; import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder; import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory; import org.w3c.dom.Document; import org.w3c.dom.NamedNodeMap; import org.w3c.dom.Node; import org.w3c.dom.NodeList; public class ReadXMLFileExample2 { public static void main(String[] args) { try { File file = new File(&apos;F:\XMLFile.xml&apos;); DocumentBuilder documentBuilder = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance().newDocumentBuilder(); Document document = documentBuilder.parse(file); System.out.println(&apos;Root element: &apos;+ document.getDocumentElement().getNodeName()); if (document.hasChildNodes()) { printNodeList(document.getChildNodes()); } } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println(e.getMessage()); } } private static void printNodeList(NodeList nodeList) { for (int count = 0; count <nodelist.getlength(); count++) { node elemnode="nodeList.item(count);" if (elemnode.getnodetype()="=" node.element_node) get name and value system.out.println(\'
node [open]\'); system.out.println(\'node content=" + elemNode.getTextContent()); if (elemNode.hasAttributes()) { NamedNodeMap nodeMap = elemNode.getAttributes(); for (int i = 0; i &lt; nodeMap.getLength(); i++) { Node node = nodeMap.item(i); System.out.println(" attr : \' + node.getnodename()); system.out.println(\'attr node.getnodevalue()); } (elemnode.haschildnodes()) recursive call the has child nodes printnodelist(elemnode.getchildnodes()); [close]\'); < pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> Root element: class Node Name =class [OPEN] Node Content = 101 Naman Kumar Maths 83 102 Kapil Kumar Chemistry 60 103 Harsh Singh English 70 104 Jitesh Singh Physics 76 Node Name =student [OPEN] Node Content = 101 Naman Kumar Maths 83 Node Name =id [OPEN] Node Content =101 Node Name =id [CLOSE] Node Name =firstname [OPEN] Node Content =Naman Node Name =firstname [CLOSE] Node Name =lastname [OPEN] Node Content =Kumar Node Name =lastname [CLOSE] Node Name =subject [OPEN] Node Content =Math Node Name =subject [CLOSE] Node Name =marks [OPEN] Node Content =83 Node Name =marks [CLOSE] Node Name =student [CLOSE] Node Name =student [OPEN] Node Content = 102 Kapil Kumar Chemistry 60 Node Name =id [OPEN] Node Content =102 Node Name =id [CLOSE] Node Name =firstname [OPEN] Node Content =Kapil Node Name =firstname [CLOSE] Node Name =lastname [OPEN] Node Content =Kumar Node Name =lastname [CLOSE] Node Name =subject [OPEN] Node Content =Chemistry Node Name =subject [CLOSE] Node Name =marks [OPEN] Node Content =60 Node Name =marks [CLOSE] Node Name =student [CLOSE] Node Name =student [OPEN] Node Content = 103 Harsh Singh English 70 Node Name =id [OPEN] Node Content =103 Node Name =id [CLOSE] Node Name =firstname [OPEN] Node Content =Harsh Node Name =firstname [CLOSE] Node Name =lastname [OPEN] Node Content =Singh Node Name =lastname [CLOSE] Node Name =subject [OPEN] Node Content =English Node Name =subject [CLOSE] Node Name =marks [OPEN] Node Content =70 Node Name =marks [CLOSE] Node Name =student [CLOSE] Node Name =student [OPEN] Node Content = 104 Jitesh Singh Physics 76 Node Name =id [OPEN] Node Content =104 Node Name =id [CLOSE] Node Name =firstname [OPEN] Node Content =Jitesh Node Name =firstname [CLOSE] Node Name =lastname [OPEN] Node Content =Singh Node Name =lastname [CLOSE] Node Name =subject [OPEN] Node Content =Physics Node Name =subject [CLOSE] Node Name =marks [OPEN] Node Content =76 Node Name =marks [CLOSE] Node Name =student [CLOSE] Node Name =class [CLOSE] </pre> <h2>Java SAX Parser</h2> <p>Java SAX parser stands for <strong>Simple API</strong> for <strong>XML</strong> . SAX parser parses an XML file <strong>line by line</strong> . It triggers events when it encounters the opening tag, closing tag, and character data in an xml file. SAX parser is also called the <strong>event-based parser</strong> .</p> <p>SAX parser does not load any XML file into memory. It does not create any object representation of the XML document. SAX parser uses call back function to inform clients of the XML document structure. It is <strong>faster</strong> and uses <strong>less memory</strong> than DOM parser.</p> <p>SAX is a <strong>streaming interface</strong> for XML, which means that XML file parses in sequential order starting at the top of the document, and ending with the closing of the root element.</p> <p> <strong>Example of reading XML file using SAX parser</strong> </p> <pre> import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser; import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory; import org.xml.sax.Attributes; import org.xml.sax.SAXException; import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler; public class ReadXMLFileExample3 { public static void main(String args[]) { try { SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance(); SAXParser saxParser = factory.newSAXParser(); DefaultHandler handler = new DefaultHandler() { boolean id = false; boolean firstname = false; boolean lastname = false; boolean subject = false; boolean marks = false; //parser starts parsing a specific element inside the document public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName, Attributes attributes) throws SAXException { System.out.println(&apos;Start Element :&apos; + qName); if(qName.equalsIgnoreCase(&apos;Id&apos;)) { id=true; } if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase(&apos;FIRSTNAME&apos;)) { firstname = true; } if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase(&apos;LASTNAME&apos;)) { lastname = true; } if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase(&apos;SUBJECT&apos;)) { subject = true; } if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase(&apos;MARKS&apos;)) { marks = true; } } //parser ends parsing the specific element inside the document public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName) throws SAXException { System.out.println(&apos;End Element:&apos; + qName); } //reads the text value of the currently parsed element public void characters(char ch[], int start, int length) throws SAXException { if (id) { System.out.println(&apos;ID : &apos; + new String(ch, start, length)); id = false; } if (firstname) { System.out.println(&apos;First Name: &apos; + new String(ch, start, length)); firstname = false; } if (lastname) { System.out.println(&apos;Last Name: &apos; + new String(ch, start, length)); lastname = false; } if (subject) { System.out.println(&apos;Subject: &apos; + new String(ch, start, length)); subject = false; } if (marks) { System.out.println(&apos;Marks : &apos; + new String(ch, start, length)); marks = false; } } }; saxParser.parse(&apos;F:\XMLFile.xml&apos;, handler); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } </pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> Start Element: class Start Element: student Start Element: id ID: 101 End Element: id Start Element: firstname First Name: Naman End Element: firstname Start Element: lastname Last Name: Kumar End Element: lastname Start Element: subject Subject: Math End Element: subject Start Element: marks Marks: 83 End Element: marks End Element: student Start Element: student Start Element: id ID: 102 End Element: id Start Element: firstname First Name: Kapil End Element: firstname Start Element: lastname Last Name: Kumar End Element: lastname Start Element: subject Subject: Chemistry End Element: subject Start Element: marks Marks: 60 End Element: marks End Element: student Start Element: student Start Element: id ID: 103 End Element: id Start Element: firstname First Name: Harsh End Element: firstname Start Element: lastname Last Name: Singh End Element: lastname Start Element: subject Subject: English End Element: subject Start Element: marks Marks: 70 End Element: marks End Element: student Start Element: student Start Element: id ID: 104 End Element: id Start Element: firstname First Name: Jitesh End Element: firstname Start Element: lastname Last Name: Singh End Element: lastname Start Element: subject Subject: Physics End Element: subject Start Element: marks Marks: 76 End Element: marks End Element: student End Element: class </pre> <hr></nodelist.getlength();>

Java SAX Parser

Java SAX parser står for Simpel API til XML . SAX-parser analyserer en XML-fil linje for linje . Det udløser hændelser, når det støder på åbningstagget, det afsluttende tag og karakterdata i en xml-fil. SAX-parseren kaldes også hændelsesbaseret parser .

SAX-parser indlæser ikke nogen XML-fil i hukommelsen. Det opretter ikke nogen objektrepræsentation af XML-dokumentet. SAX-parser bruger tilbagekaldsfunktion til at informere klienter om XML-dokumentstrukturen. det er hurtigere og bruger mindre hukommelse end DOM-parser.

SAX er en streaming interface for XML, hvilket betyder, at XML-filen parses i sekventiel rækkefølge, der starter i toppen af ​​dokumentet og slutter med lukningen af ​​rodelementet.

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Eksempel på læsning af XML-fil ved hjælp af SAX-parser

 import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser; import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory; import org.xml.sax.Attributes; import org.xml.sax.SAXException; import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler; public class ReadXMLFileExample3 { public static void main(String args[]) { try { SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance(); SAXParser saxParser = factory.newSAXParser(); DefaultHandler handler = new DefaultHandler() { boolean id = false; boolean firstname = false; boolean lastname = false; boolean subject = false; boolean marks = false; //parser starts parsing a specific element inside the document public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName, Attributes attributes) throws SAXException { System.out.println('Start Element :' + qName); if(qName.equalsIgnoreCase('Id')) { id=true; } if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase('FIRSTNAME')) { firstname = true; } if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase('LASTNAME')) { lastname = true; } if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase('SUBJECT')) { subject = true; } if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase('MARKS')) { marks = true; } } //parser ends parsing the specific element inside the document public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName) throws SAXException { System.out.println('End Element:' + qName); } //reads the text value of the currently parsed element public void characters(char ch[], int start, int length) throws SAXException { if (id) { System.out.println('ID : ' + new String(ch, start, length)); id = false; } if (firstname) { System.out.println('First Name: ' + new String(ch, start, length)); firstname = false; } if (lastname) { System.out.println('Last Name: ' + new String(ch, start, length)); lastname = false; } if (subject) { System.out.println('Subject: ' + new String(ch, start, length)); subject = false; } if (marks) { System.out.println('Marks : ' + new String(ch, start, length)); marks = false; } } }; saxParser.parse('F:\XMLFile.xml', handler); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } 

Produktion:

 Start Element: class Start Element: student Start Element: id ID: 101 End Element: id Start Element: firstname First Name: Naman End Element: firstname Start Element: lastname Last Name: Kumar End Element: lastname Start Element: subject Subject: Math End Element: subject Start Element: marks Marks: 83 End Element: marks End Element: student Start Element: student Start Element: id ID: 102 End Element: id Start Element: firstname First Name: Kapil End Element: firstname Start Element: lastname Last Name: Kumar End Element: lastname Start Element: subject Subject: Chemistry End Element: subject Start Element: marks Marks: 60 End Element: marks End Element: student Start Element: student Start Element: id ID: 103 End Element: id Start Element: firstname First Name: Harsh End Element: firstname Start Element: lastname Last Name: Singh End Element: lastname Start Element: subject Subject: English End Element: subject Start Element: marks Marks: 70 End Element: marks End Element: student Start Element: student Start Element: id ID: 104 End Element: id Start Element: firstname First Name: Jitesh End Element: firstname Start Element: lastname Last Name: Singh End Element: lastname Start Element: subject Subject: Physics End Element: subject Start Element: marks Marks: 76 End Element: marks End Element: student End Element: class